Gold(III) chloride Property

Melting point:

254°C

Boiling point:

265 °C

Density 

3.9 g/mL at 25 °C

storage temp. 

Keep in dark place,Inert atmosphere,Room temperature

solubility 

DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Very Slightly)

form 

Crystalline Powder, Crystals or Chunks

color 

yellow

Water Solubility 

soluble

Sensitive 

Hygroscopic

Merck 

14,4521

Solubility Product Constant (Ksp)

pKsp: 24.5

CAS DataBase Reference

13453-07-1(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System

Gold chloride (AuCl3) (13453-07-1)

Safety

Hazard Codes 

C,Xi

Risk Statements 

36/37/38

Safety Statements 

26-36/37/39-45-37/39-36

RIDADR 

UN 3260 8/PG 3

WGK Germany 

3

RTECS 

MD5420000

F 

3-8-10

TSCA 

Yes

HazardClass 

8

PackingGroup 

III

HS Code 

28433000

Hazard and Precautionary Statements (GHS)

Symbol(GHS)

Signal word

Warning

Hazard statements

H315Causes skin irritation

H319Causes serious eye irritation

H335May cause respiratory irritation

Precautionary statements

P261Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P264Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

P264Wash skin thouroughly after handling.

P271Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

P280Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P302+P352IF ON SKIN: wash with plenty of soap and water.

P305+P351+P338IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

Gold(III) chloride Chemical Properties,Usage,Production

Chemical Properties

orange-red to dark red crystals

Physical properties

Red monoclinic crystals; deliquesces; density 4.7 g/cm³; sublimes at 180°C (760 torr); highly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol and ether; slightly soluble in liquid ammonia.

Uses

Gold(III) chloride is used in colloidal gold solutions, in photography and as a print toning agent(gold toning), starting solution to form other gold compounds and a precursor for preparation of ultra pure gold metal. It is used in electroplating and electroless plating as an anode in an electric cell. Gold(III) chloride acts as a gold catalyst and cell body stains for bright field and dark field microscopy.

Uses

Photography, gold plating, special inks, medicine, ceramics (enamels, gilding, and painting porcelain), glass (gilding, ruby glass), manufacture of finely divided gold and purple of Cassius.

Uses

It is important to note that the Cl2 used here must be hot chlorine gas.

Definition

A compound prepared by dissolving gold in aqua regia. The bright yellow crystals (chloroauric acid) produced on evaporation are heated to form dark red crystals of gold(III) chloride. The chloride decomposes easily (at 175°C) to give gold(I) chloride and chlorine; at higher temperatures it decomposes to give gold and chlorine. Gold(III) chloride is used in photography. It exists as a dimer, Au₂Cl₆.

Preparation

Gold(III) chloride may be produced by the combination of metallic gold with chlorine gas at elevated temperatures:
2Au + 3Cl2 → 2AuCl3
It may be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of iodine monochloride with metallic gold:
2Au + 6ICl → 2AuCl3 + 3I2
The compound should be stored tightly closed and protected from light.

Reactions

When heated at 254ºC, gold(III) chloride decomposes to gold(I) chloride and chlorine.
Passing hydrogen sulfide into an ether solution of the compound yields gold(III) sulfide, Au2S3.
A similar reaction occurs when alcoholic solutions of gold(III) chloride and hydrogen selenide are mixed, producing gold(III) selenide, Au2Se3, a black amorphous solid.
Gold(III) chloride may be reduced readily to metallic gold by common reducing agents. Thus, reduction with stannous chloride in dilute aqueous medium yields colloidal gold in which the atom carries a negative charge. “Cassius purple” is produced from the oxidation of tin to form H2Sn(OH)6, which protects colloidal gold from coagulation, imparting ruby red color to the solution.
Gold(III) chloride reacts with ammonia forming a gold(III)-nitrogen derivative, an explosive product, known as, “fulminate of gold”. Reaction with Grignard reagent, RMgX in ether yields dialkyl gold(III) chloride, R2AuCl3, which may be converted readily to other dialkyl gold(III) complexes by replacement of the chloride anion by a donor ligand.

General Description

The structure of gold chloride is monoclinic in nature. It sublimes at elevated temperatures.

Safety Profile

Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Reaction with ammonia or ammonium salts yields fulminating gold, a heat-, friction-, and impact-sensitive explosive similar to mercury and silver fulminates. See also GOLD COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Cl-.